From Wikipedia's entry on the VF-4_Lightning_III from Macross:
The VF-4 Lightning III was named after a proposed name for what would be eventually be deemed the Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor, the next United States Air Force main fighter. The suggested Lightning 2 name in turn was coined from the Lockheed P-38/F-5 Lightning, a World War II American fighter. Lightning II was later adopted as the name of the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter, which does not (to the best of anybody's knowledge) transform into a giant robot.
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